#AI Engineering — Kunal Ganglani

A digital dashboard displaying marketing metrics including CTR and quality score on a screen

How to Test Non-Deterministic AI Systems and LLMs

A release-gating playbook for LLMs and agents: golden sets, metamorphic tests, variance control, tolerance bands, cohort diffs, and eval-regression postmortems.

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AI and Machine Learning

Fine-Tuning vs RAG vs Prompt Engineering: Decision Framework

Stop guessing which LLM technique to use. A 2026-updated decision matrix with real cost figures, concrete examples, and a clear flowchart for when fine-tuning beats RAG, when RAG beats both, and when prompt engineering alone is the right answer.

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Agent Evaluation Roadmap for Small Teams: 30 Min a Week A pragmatic map of offline vs online vs HITL evals, what to measure beyond “response quality,” and the smallest program that actually… 8 min read
How to Build Synthetic Data for RAG Evaluation A leakage-first, adversarial-negative pipeline to generate, label, and validate a synthetic RAG evaluation set without building a… 8 min read
RAG Evaluation Metrics for Retrieval Quality: My Production Playbook If your RAG app got worse after an embeddings or chunking change, grading answers won’t tell you why. 11 min read